Some women may need an HPV test. Fortunately, the cervical cells collected during the Pap smear test are all that is required for the HPV test, so you won't need to return to your doctor's office for another test. Other tests and procedures, which do require another visit to your doctor, include colposcopy, biopsy, and endocervical sampling.
A colposcopy is a device that allows your doctor to get a closer look at your cervix. The colposcopy itself is painless; however, if your doctor sees an abnormal area that needs a biopsy there may be a small about of pain and bleeding. During a cervical biopsy, your doctor removes a small amount of cervical tissue for laboratory evaluation. Endocervical sampling utilizes a small brush to remove a small amount of tissue from the cervical canal. Endocervical sampling if often utilized in women who have an ACG Pap smear result.
Treatment of abnormal Pap smear test results depend on the type of cervical changes seen, the age of the women, and other individual circumstances. As mentioned previously, CIN 1 usually disappears on its own and doesn’t require treatment, unless HSIL is also present.
Treating CIN usually means the utilization of one of four techniques:
- Loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) – During the LEEP an electric current runs through a thin wire loop to remove abnormal areas of the cervix. In most cases, your doctor's office is the usual setting for the LEEP.
- Cone biopsy – The shape of the sample wedge removed from the cervix reveals it's name. A hospital setting is usually required, although you may most often return home the same day.
- Cryotherapy – Cryotherapy freezes the abnormal tissue allowing it to shed later. Most often, your doctor performs cryotherapy in office.
- Laser treatment – If your doctor decides laser treatment is right for you, a laser beam of light shines on the abnormal tissue, destroying the tissue.
Your doctor will discuss possible side effects and risks associated with the type of treatment utilized. These treatments may also affect future pregnancies. Other possible side effects of treatments for abnormal Pap smear test results include heavy bleeding and sometimes, a watery vaginal discharge. You’ll also need to have follow up Pap smears, as often as determined by your doctor, following these treatments for abnormal Pap smear test results.
Source:
Understanding Abnormal Pap Test Results. ACOG Education Pamphlet AP161. http://www.acog.org/publications/patient_education/bp161.cfm. Accessed 09/29/09.
