References for Oral Contraceptives and Cancer Risk:
Breast Cancer
Brinton LA, Daling JR, Liff JM, et al. Oral contraceptives and breast cancer risk among younger women. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 1995; 87(13):827-835. The Centers for Disease Control and the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. Oral contraceptive use and the risk of breast cancer: The Centers for Disease Control and the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Cancer and Steroid Hormone Study. New England Journal of Medicine 1986; 315:405-411.
Chilvers C, McPherson K, Pike MC, et al. Oral contraceptive use and breast cancer risk in young women. Lancet 1989; 1:973-982.
McPherson K, Vessey MP, Neil A, et al. Early oral contraceptive use and breast cancer: results of another case-control study. British Journal of Cancer 1987; 56:653-660.
Meirik O, Lund E, Adami HO, et al. Oral Contraceptive use and breast cancer in young women: a joint national study in Sweden and Norway. Lancet 1986; 2:650-654.
Miller DR, Rosenberg L, Kaufman DW, et al. Breast cancer before age 45 and oral contraceptive use: new findings. American Journal of Epidemiology 1989; 129:269-280.
Olsson H, Olsson ML, Moeller TR, et al. Oral contraceptive use and breast cancer in young women in Sweden. Lancet 1985; 1:748-749.
Paul C, Skegg DCG, Spears GFS. Oral contraceptives and risk of breast cancer. International Journal of Cancer 1990; 46:366-373.
Pike MC, Henderson BE, Krailo MD, et al. Breast cancer in young women and use of oral contraceptives: possible modifying effect of formulation and age at use. Lancet 1983; 2:926-930.
Romiu I, Berlin JA, Colditz G. Oral contraceptives and breast cancer: review and meta-analysis. Cancer 1990; 66:2253-2263.
Rookus MA, Van Leeuwen FE. Oral contraceptives and risk of breast cancer in women aged 25-54 years: The Netherlands Oral Contraceptives and Breast Cancer Study Group. Lancet 1994; 344:844-851.
Thomas DB. Oral contraceptives and breast cancer: review of the epidemiologic literature. Contraception 1991; 43(6):597-642.
White E, Malone KE, Weiss NS, et al. Breast cancer among young U.S. women in relation to oral contraceptive use. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 1994; 86: 505-514.
Wingo PA, Lee NC, Ory HW, et al. Age-specific differences in the relationship between oral contraceptive use and breast cancer. Cancer Supplement 1993; 71(4):1506-1517.
Ovarian and Endometrial Cancers
Brinton LA, Huggins GR, Lehman HF, et al. Long-term use of oral contraceptives and risk of invasive cervical cancer. International Journal of Cancer 1986; 38:339-344.
The Centers for Disease Control. Oral contraceptive use and the risk of ovarian cancer: The Centers for Disease Control Cancer and Steroid Hormone Study. Journal of the American Medical Association 1983; 249:1596-1599.
The Centers for Disease Control. Oral contraceptive use and the risk of endometrial cancer: The Centers for Disease Control Cancer and Steroid Hormone Study. Journal of the American Medical Association 1983; 249:1600-1604.
The Centers for Disease Control and the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. The reduction in risk of ovarian cancer associated with oral contraceptive use: The Cancer and Steroid Hormone Study of the Centers for Disease Control and the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. New England Journal of Medicine 1987; 316:650-655.
Cervix
Brinton LA, Huggins GR, Lehman HF, et al. Long-term use of oral contraceptives and risk of invasive cervical cancer. International Journal of Cancer 1986; 38(3):399-444.
Munoz N, Bosch FX, de Sanjose S, et al. The causal link between human papillomavirus and invasive cervical cancer: a population-based case-control study in Colombia and Spain. International Journal of Cancer 1992; 52(5):743-749.
Liver
Rooks JB, Ory HW, Ishak KG, et al. Epidemiology of hepatocellular adeonoma: the role of oral contraceptive use. Journal of the American Medical Association 1979; 242:644-648.
Tao, LC. Oral contraceptive-associated liver cell adenoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer 1991; 68:341-347.
Palmer J, Rosenberg L, Kaufman DW, et al. Oral contraceptive use and liver cancer. American Journal of Epidemiology 1989; 130:878-882.
Reprinted from the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health
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